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Fluency/Stuttering

What Is Stuttering?

Fluency refers to the natural flow, rhythm, and pace of our speech. When someone experiences frequent disruptions, such as repeating sounds or words, stretching out sounds, or pauses that interrupt speech, this is known as stuttering.

Stuttering can look and sound different for everyone. Common characteristics include:

  • Repeating sounds, syllables, or words (e.g., “b-b-ball”)
  • Prolonging sounds (e.g., “ssssun”)
  • Pausing or getting “stuck” on a word
  • Using extra movements or effort to try to push a word out
  • Feeling tension, frustration, or anxiety when speaking

Some people also experience covert stuttering, where they may avoid certain words or speaking situations to hide their stutter.

It’s important to remember: stuttering is nobody’s fault, and it is not caused by nervousness or poor parenting. With the right support, people who stutter can speak confidently and enjoy communication in all areas of life.

How a Speech Pathologist Can Help in Early Intervention

Speech pathologists work with clients and families to understand the individual pattern of stuttering and tailor therapy to their goals.

Support may include:

  • Evidence-based therapy approaches such as the Lidcombe Program (for young children) or Camperdown Program (for adolescents and adults)
  • Strategies to help speech flow more smoothly and reduce effort or tension
  • Building confidence and comfort in speaking situations
  • Addressing negative thoughts or feelings about communication
  • Coaching parents on how to support fluency development in daily routines
  • Supporting communication skills in real-life settings (school, work, social situations)

Therapy is always positive, practical, and person-centered — focusing not only on fluency but also on confidence and participation.

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Why Fluency Therapy Matters

For young children, early support can make a big difference. Stuttering often begins between ages 2–5, and early intervention can help reduce its impact and support long-term communication success.

For older children, teens, and adults, therapy can help manage stuttering effectively, reduce fear or avoidance of speaking, and build a sense of control and confidence.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

The exact cause isn’t fully known, but research shows it’s linked to how the brain plans and coordinates speech movements. It often runs in families and is not caused by anxiety or stress (though these can make it feel worse).

Some children do recover naturally, but it’s not possible to predict who will. Early assessment and therapy can give your child the best chance for positive outcomes and long-term fluency.

Not at all! Many adults find speech pathology helps them manage stuttering effectively, reduce tension, and feel more confident in communication. It’s never too late to seek support.

Be patient, maintain eye contact, and focus on what the person is saying — not how they say it. Avoid finishing sentences or asking them to “slow down” or “take a breath.” Your speech pathologist will share practical tips suited to your family’s needs.

Communicate Your Way